Question

Use your knowledge of cognitive and emotive meaning, value claims, covert assumptions, vagueness and ambiguity, and verbal and factual disputes to determine which of the following statements are true. Check all that apply.

Ambiguity can arise either from ambiguous words or from the way in which unambiguous words are combined.

If an argument contains no vagueness or ambiguity, then this alone makes it a valid deductive argument or a strong inductive argument.

Terminology that coveys information or expresses facts has emotive meaning.

If the meaning of an expression is extremely precise in a given context, then it is a vague expression.

If a dispute arises because a word is being used in two distinct senses, then this is a verbal dispute and not a factual dispute.

It can be difficult or impossible to determine the truth value of a vague or ambiguous statement.

The following statement is a value claim: "It is wrong not to help old ladies cross the street."

If a dispute arises over the truth value of a statement, then this is a factual dispute.

Language with emotive meaning is intended to engage the reader's or listener's feelings.

If a statement has emotive meaning, then it can have no cognitive meaning.

Emotive language usually helps to make the cognitive meaning of a statement easier to evaluate.

A dispute that arises over whether a factual claim is true or false is called a verbal dispute.

Logic is concerned chiefly with cognitive meaning.

Emotive terminology generally helps to make it more apparent that a value claim is being made.

The psychological effects of emotive terminology can be avoided if a reader or listener disengages emotive meaning from cognitive meaning and reformulates an argument using premises and a conclusion with only cognitive meaning.

Answer 1

1. This statement is True. Ambiguity can arise either from ambiguous words or from the way in which unambiguous words are combined.

2. This statement is False. Even if an argument contains no vagueness or ambiguity, then this alone would not make it a valid deductive argument or a strong inductive argument.

3. This statement is False. Terminology that coveys information or expresses facts does not have emotive meaning.

4. This statement is False. If the meaning of an expression is extremely precise in a given context, then it is not a vague expression.

Please post the other questions separately. As per the answering guidelines we are supposed to answer just one question or four sub parts of the same question.