Question

Problem Two:

a. Derive or explain the condition for total internal reflection

b. A beam of monochromatic light is put into a fiber optic cable. The fiber has index of refraction of 1.55 . It is surrounded by a “cladding” with index of refraction 1.36 and then an absorbing protective black layer. At what minimum angle of incidence is the light reflected back into the fiber ?

c. We now have two ways to transmit digital information a distance of 1km or more using electromagnetic waves. One is the fiberoptic cable, one is radio. Pretending this is an exam long-answer question, describe how each works and compare/contrast a station operating a 95 kW transmitter at frequency 103.3 MHz, while a typical long-haul (undersea) telecom fiberoptic laser is 50 mW and operates with wavelength of 1550 nm . Make a specific point to comment on speed and energy needed for these transmissions

Answer 1