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A baseball has a velocity of 40.6 m/s (90.8 mi/h), directed horizontally, as it is released...

A baseball has a velocity of 40.6 m/s (90.8 mi/h), directed horizontally, as it is released by a pitcher. The ball's velocity 0.0100 s before it is released is 38.7 m/s, directed 3.75° above the horizontal. Calculate the ball's instantaneous acceleration just before it is released.

magnitude
direction below the horizon
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Answer #1

If the horizontal direction is assumed to be along the x axis and the vertically up direction is along the +y axis, then, the initial velocity is
   

Now as , , so,
   


And the final velocity is
   
The elapsed time is
   
And so, the acceleration is
   
  
  
The magnitude of the acceleration
   
  
And the angle it makes with the horizontal is
   
  
The negative sign implies the angle is below the horizontal. And so, the magnitude of the angle below the horizontal is
  

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