Question

1. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding behaviors of charged particles inside electric field?

1. Positive charges are accelerated by electric fields toward points at higher electric potential;
2. If the electric field at a certain region is zero, then the electric potential at the same region is constant;
3. If a negative charge moves in the direction of the electric field, the field does positive work and the potential energy increases
4. If a positive charge moves opposite to the electric field, the field does negative work and the potential energy increases.
5. If a negative charge moves opposite to the electric field, the field does positive work and the potential energy decreases.

Answer 1

Points to remember

for positive charge

same direction as field means positive work and potential energy decreases

opposite direction means negative work and potential energy increases

for negative charge

same direction as field means negative work and potential energy increases

opposite direction means positive work and potential energy decreases

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The correct statements are :

If a positive charge moves opposite to the electric field, the field does negative work and the potential energy increases.

If a negative charge moves opposite to the electric field, the field does positive work and the potential energy decreases.

If the electric field at a certain region is zero, then the electric potential at the same region is constant