In transitions between vibrational energy levels of the diatomic molecule HBr (hydrogen bromide), photons are emitted with energy 5.1×10^−21J, twice this energy, three times this energy, etc. Because the mass of the bromine nucleus is much larger than that of the hydrogen nucleus, it is a good approximation to consider the bromine nucleus to be always at rest; you can think of the H atom as being attached by a “spring” to a wall. What is the effective spring stiffness of the HBr bond?
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