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During the experiment, as we watch the oil drops, what quantities will be directly measuring? (e.g.,...

During the experiment, as we watch the oil drops, what quantities will be directly measuring? (e.g., will we be measuring the mass of the oil drops, or their acceleration, or what?)
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Answer #1

First, we wait for the the drop to hit terminal velocity, where the drag force, calculated by Stoke's Law, is equal to the weight of the drop. For this, we measure the acceleration and wait for it to be zero.

Using this equivalence, we calculate the weight of the drop. After this, we turn on the electric field, and increase it till the drop is stationary. At this point, the force due to the electric field is equal to the weight, which will be used to calculate the charge of the particle. Repeating this for many droplets, we can show that the charge on the drops are integer multiples of the charge of an electron.

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