Question

How does glue actually work, is it to do with electrons etc?

Answer 1

Many things to do with Chemistry are to do with electrons! There are various ways in which glue can work - The simplest is that if you have two slightly rough surfaces, with tiny pits in them, putting a liquid which can set between them creates lots of little 'plugs' in the pits. Once it's set you can't pull these out of the pits, so you can't pull the surfaces apart.

If you have two perfectly flat surfaces, the will tend to stick together by a force called the Van der Walls force