Question

State the principle of original horizontality. Layers of ash, lava, and sediments are originally deposited in horizontal layers. Igneous rock, or a fault, is younger than the rock layers it has intruded or affected. The process where rock layers in different localities are matched up by use of index fossils or other means. In a sequence of undisturbed sedimentary rocks, lava, or ash, each layer is younger than the layer beneath it.

Answer 1

Priciple of Original Horizantility

The Principle of Original Horizontality was proposed by the Danish geological pioneer Nicholas Steno (1638–1686). This principle states that layers of sediment are originally deposited horizontally under the action of gravity. The principle is important to the analysis of folded and tilted strata.

From these observations is derived the conclusion that the Earth has not been static and that great forces have been at work over long periods of time, further leading to the conclusions of the science of plate tectonics; that movement and collisions of large plates of the Earth's crust is the cause of folded strata