It is possible to go from a given initial equilibrium state of a
system to a...
It is possible to go from a given initial equilibrium state of a
system to a given final equilibrium state by a number of different
paths, involving different intermediate states and different
amounts of heat and work. Since the internal energy of a system is
a state function, its change between any two states must be
independent of the path chosen. The heat and work flows are,
however, path-dependent quantities and can differ on different
paths between given initial and...
1. Inside a Red Giant, denser elements fuse and emit sufficient
energy to balance thermal expansion...
1. Inside a Red Giant, denser elements fuse and emit sufficient
energy to balance thermal expansion versus gravity, until fusion
of:
silica & sulphur
helium
carbon & oxygen
iron
deuterium & tritium
2. Structure of the Universe: 2dF and the Sloan Microwave
Digital Survey plotted clusters of galaxies. What kind of structure
was seen among super-clusters of galaxies?
Filaments of galaxies surround voids that have no or very few
galaxies inside.
Super-clusters expand outward from a Big Bang source.
Super-clusters...
Give the name, give the symbol, or given the symbol, give the
name for the following...
Give the name, give the symbol, or given the symbol, give the
name for the following elements: Period 1, Period 2, Period 3, From
Period 4: K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, From period 5: Ag,
Sn, I, From period 6: W, Au, Pb, From period 7: U
3. Identify elements by group number and period number.
4. Identify the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens,
and noble gases.
5. Identify an element as a metal,...
Atomic interactions can be modeled using a variety of potential
energy approximations. One very common potential...
Atomic interactions can be modeled using a variety of potential
energy approximations. One very common potential form is the
Lennard-Jones 6:12 potential: U(r)=4ε[(σ/r)12 − (σ/r)6]. Where ε
and σ are constants specific to a given material (note: these terms
are NOT equivalent to stress and strain, but this is the standard
notation for the L-J parameters). Here, r is the interatomic
spacing given in units of Angstroms, and U(r) is given in units of
eV/atom. A molecular dynamics simulation was...