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In each of the following cases, predict the sign of change in entropy by providing proper...

In each of the following cases, predict the sign of change in entropy by providing proper explanation.                                                                                                                                                            (i) Isothermal expansion.


      (ii) Liquefaction of a gas.

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Answer #1

According to second law of thermodynamics, for a reversible process entropy of the universe remains a constant and for an irreversible process entropy of the universe increases.

But reversible cases are highly idealised cases. Complete reversibility is not easy to attain. So let us consider the irreversible cases for the processes.

  1. Isothermal expansion - During isothermal expansion heat is absorbed by the system and the system expands without any temperature change. Therefore, entropy of the system increases and sign of change of entropy is positive.
  2. Liquifaction of gases - Liquifaction of gas can be attained by compression of gas slowly without the addition of heat to the system. But the process in real case is not reversible. Therefore, entropy of the system increases and sign of change of entropy is positive.
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