A car’s bumper is designed to withstand a 3.0–km/h (0.833–m/s) collision with an immovable object without damage to the body of the car. The bumper cushions the shock by absorbing the force over a distance. Calculate the magnitude of the average force on a bumper that collapses 0.220 m while bringing a 880–kg car to rest from an initial speed of 0.833 m/s.
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