how to find the amount of free electrons per cubic
meter of a material
If the material in question is metal, then each atom contributes one electron in the metal.
So, then the number of free electrons per cubic meter is the number of atoms in 1 cubic meter
The number of atoms in 1 mole of the metal is the Avogadro number. You can find out the weight of 1 mole of atoms using the molar mass of the metal and then the number of atoms in 1 cubic meter using the density of the metal. So putting it all together, the number of free electrons per cubic meter in a metal is
where is the Avogadro number
is the density in kg/cubic meter units
and m is the molar mass in kg per mole unit.
As an example, for copper
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