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How do we know the temperature of the microwave background radiation, i.e. what did we measure?...

How do we know the temperature of the microwave background radiation, i.e. what did we measure? Will the temperature go up or down or not change in the coming billion years.

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Answer #1

Absolute Radiometer

The Absolute Radiometer for Cosmology, Astrophysics, and Diffuse Emission (ARCADE) is a balloon-borne instrument to measure the temperature of the cosmic microwave background at centimeter wavelengths.

The actual temperature of the cosmic microwave background is 2.725 Kelvin. The middle image pair show the same map displayed in a scale such that blue corresponds to 2.721 Kelvin and red is 2.729 Kelvin.

The CMB is visible at a distance of 13.8 billion light years in all directions from Earth, leading scientists to determine that this is the true age of the Universe.

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