Aperture refers to the opening of a lens's diaphragm through which light passes. And the shutter speed controls how long the shutter is open,allowing the light to fall onto the camera sensor.
Thus using a large aperture means more light is entering the lens.so the shutter does not need to stay open for long for correct exposure, which means faster shutter speed.
Similarly a small aperture means less light is entering. So for the correct exposure the shutter should stay open longer, that is low shutter speed.
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