Question

The figure below shows the path of a beam of light through several layers with different...

The figure below shows the path of a beam of light through several layers with different indices of refraction. (Assume n4 = 1.10.)

An illustration shows four media, represented as long, horizontal rectangles, arranged one on top of the other such that each medium has a higher index of refraction than the medium below it. The indexes of the four media from top to bottom are as follows:

  • 1.60,
  • 1.40,
  • 1.20,
  • and n4.

A ray of light starts from within the top medium and extends down and to the right at an angle θ1 from the vertical. The ray refracts through all subsequent materials below it, with each transition to a lower material bending the ray farther and farther from the vertical. Its angle of refraction as the ray emerges into the fourth medium is θ2.

(a) If θ1 = 22.0°, what is the angle θ2 of the emerging beam?
°

(b) What is the smallest incident angle θ1 to have total internal reflection at the surface between the medium with n = 1.20 and the medium with n4 = 1.10?
°

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