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Equilibrium between 2 phases means : A)Same pressure B) Same temp C) Same chemical potential D)Same...

Equilibrium between 2 phases means :

A)Same pressure

B) Same temp

C) Same chemical potential

D)Same concentration

and why

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Answer #1

Answer : B) Same chemical potential.

let's consider two phases 1 and 2 at equilibrium.

Let N1 and N2 are the number of moles of phase 1 and phase 2 respectively.

Total number of moles N = N1 + N2

dN1 + dN2 = 0 , because N is constant.

Gibbs free energy G = -SdT + PdV +1dN1 + 2dN2

At constant pressure and temperature

∆G = 1dN1 + dN2

At equilibrium change in Gibbs free energy is minimum, therefore, ∆G =0

1dN1 + 2dN2 = 0

but dN1 = - dN2

We get

1 = 2

Same chemical potential of two phases at equilibrium

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