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Write balanced chemical equation for the synthesis of lead zirconate titanate.

Write balanced chemical equation for the synthesis of lead zirconate titanate.

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Answer #1

When the mixed solution of Zr, Ti and Pb precursors was added to 0.25 M ammonia solution (pH 8.7–10), Pb, Zr and Ti hydroxides were precipitated according to the following reactions

Pb(NO3)2 + 2NH3.H2O ? Pb(OH)2 ? + 2NH4NO3

ZrOCl2.8H2O+ 2NH3.H2O ? ZrO(OH)2 ? + 2NH4Cl + 8H2O

(C4H9O)4Ti + 3H2O ? TiO(OH)2 ? + 4C4H9OH

The Pb, Zr and Ti hydroxides thus formed in 1:0.47:0.53 proportion will decompose and form PZT powders as given when heat-treated

Pb(OH)2 + 0.53ZrO(OH)2 + 0.47TiO(OH)2 ? Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 + 2H2O ?

Reference: low temperature synthesis of lead zirconate titanate powder by hydroxide co-precipitation.

doi: 10.1016/S0167-9317(02)00967-X

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