Question

How well do you understand this material? Reading the material is separate than understanding it; further, comprehending the material calls upon you to apply the theories and concepts through your words. If you comprehend the material, you are then better able to apply the terms and concepts to your daily decisions. *REFER to the LP6 textbook readings to compose an answer to the following: DEFINE in three to four sentences, in your own words, the difference between inductive and deductive arguments. EXPLAIN in three to four sentences what the difference is between valid and invalid arguments. IDENTIFY an unstated premise in a statement that you create. IDENTIFY and describe how truth-function tables can assist you in evaluating a syllogism. CREATE a deductively valid syllogism.

Answer 1

DEFINE in three to four sentences, in your own words, the difference between inductive and deductive arguments.

Deductive and inductive arguments are two kinds of logic used in the field of research to derive a conclusion thought to be true.

• Inductive argument is an argument which gives reasons in support of the probable truth. It uses bottom down approach. It has a conclusive argument. It is based on a behavior or a pattern. It starts with an observation, develops a theory based on related issues and develops a hypothesis.

• Deductive argument is an argument, which derives logic from various inferences. It uses a top-down approach. It starts with a premise. It depends on facts and rules. The deductive argument starts with a statement, which turns into a hypothesis and collects evidence and observations to draw a conclusion.

EXPLAIN in three to four sentences what the difference is between valid and invalid arguments.

All arguments can be classified as valid or invalid:

Valid argument meets the following criteria:

• If all premises were true, the conclusion would be true.
• It concludes that true premises cannot deliver false conclusions.

Invalid Arguments sates as follows:

• Even if all statements are true, the conclusion can be false
• Inductive argument is an example of the invalid argument.

IDENTIFY an unstated premise in a statement that you create.

Unstated premises are what a deductive statement creates without explicitly stating it.

For Example:

Jack is a human

Jack is mortal

The unstated premise is “if Jack is human, then jack is mortal”(because all men are mortal)

IDENTIFY and describe how truth-function tables can assist you in evaluating a syllogism.

Truth-Functional table states as follows:

• It consists of true statements
• Both conjunct are true then the whole conjunct is true

Therefore, if two statements one is false the concluding conjunct will be false:

Example:

Valid Syllogism:

All humans are selfish

Jack is human

Jack is selfish

First two statements are correct hence 3^rd statement is correct

Invalid Syllogism:

All snakes are cold-blooded

All frogs are cold blooded

All snakes are frogs

The first statement is true, second is wrong, the final conjunct is invalid.

CREATE a deductively valid syllogism.

“Syllogism is a form of reasoning where a conclusion is drawn from two or more given propositions.” It’s a logical argument where two sentences serve as premises and third draws the conclusion. This is only if the two premises are correct and true.

Example:

All humans are selfish

Jack is human

Jack is selfish