Question

1.When a person finds out that a coworker makes more money than he or she does for the same position, that coworker is considered the (problem/referent/ equal in this comparison.

2,Dianne gets paid less than her coworker who produces the exact same amount of work as she does. Dianne’s ratio of work to compensation compared with her coworker’s is an example of (underreward/ outcome/input ratio/ overreward)

3. Managers at Pacheco Industries are attending a mandatory training on how to distribute compensation and bonuses fairly among all employees, a practice that increases perceptions of (distributive justice/ procedural justice )

4. Nick has a strong sense that hard work at his job will result in a job well done, an indication that he has high (expectanc/ instrumentality /valence )

5. Heather’s boss has created a series of (positive reinforcements / schedule of reinforcements/reinforcement contingencies/negative reinforcements). For example, any employee who consistently turns in late projects will be less likely to be assigned to more interesting projects in the future.

6.Sonel sent a controversial e-mail to everyone in the office. That led to an unpleasant conversation with human resources, which is an example of the use of (extinction/ punishment/ negative reinforcement).

7. Felix isn’t the best at keeping track of the exact number of times his employees make a sale, but he provides bonuses to them after they have made an average of 10 sales. This is an example of a(n) (intermittent reinforcement schedule/ fixed interval reinforcement schedule/continuous reinforcement schedule).

8.Alana owns her own business and pays herself $25 for every $300 her store makes. This is an example of a (variable ratio reinforcement schedule, fixed ratio reinforcement schedule,variable interval reinforcement schedule).

9. Under the principles of (equity theory,expectancy theory ,goal-setting theory )  , employees will be motivated when they receive constructive feedback on their progress toward an accepted, but challenging goal.

10. Becky just left a meeting with her boss in which they discussed the details of her performance goals for the year, and she feels secure in her knowledge of what she needs to do going forward, meaning Becky has high (goal specificity,goal acceptance ,goal difficulty)

Answer 1

1. Referent- Referent is a person in the same condition as ours and we compare our situation with. Here the co-worker is in the same job position hence comparing with him makes him the referent.

2. Outcome/input ratio- This means ratio of the input (work produced by an individual) to the outcome( compensation he will recieve for it) being compared to another person's input/ outcome ratio. This concept falls under the equity theory.

3. Distributive justice- This is the process of distributing the benefits and resources available fairly amoung the employees is called distributive justice.

4. Expectancy- In Vroom's expectancy theory expectancy comes with a thought that hard work will increase performance or the increased effort put in a work the better it will be for the person in his job.