Question

In the book philosophical investigations paragraps on consciousness in paragraphs 416-421. In layman terms what do these these mean?

1. Consciousness is really important and the result of investigation by someone who is mental?

2. It can only be deducted from the given facts the premises and bodily movements.

Answer 1

1. Consciousness faces behavioral science's most bewildering questions. There is nothing we are more fully aware of than sensory perception, but there is little that is more difficult to understand. In recent years, all manner of unconscious processes have succumbed to experimental study but cognition has resisted stubbornly. Many others have tried to describe it, but the explications seem to still fall short of the mark. Some were led to think the question was intractable, and no clear answer could be offered.

2. A deductive argument is an argument where the arguer wishes to be deductively correct, that is, to provide a promise of the validity of the statement such that the grounds of the claim are true. That claim can also be articulated by suggesting that the premises are meant, in a deductive argument, to have such good evidence for the inference that, if the facts are true, then the statement will be unlikely to be false. An argument under which the assumptions fail to guarantee the inference is considered a true argument (deductively). If a legitimate argument has true assumptions, then it is assumed that the claim is strong too. Both claims are either true or false, and either sound or unsound; there's no middle ground, like being slightly reasonable.