Question

1.The main hormones that play a major role in the alarm stage of general adaption syndrome?

a.catecholamine

b.vasopressin

c.adrenocortical hormone

d.insulin

e.hyperglycemia

2.the mechanism of intracellular calcium overload during ischemia-reperfusion injury does not include?

a. cell membrane permeability increased

b. mitochondrial damage

c. Na+/ H+ exchange enhancement

d.Na+/ Ca2+ exchange enhancement

e.Endoplasmic reticulum injury

Answer 1

1. Adrenocortical hormone

Your heart rate increases, your Adrenal gland release cortisol ( a stress hormone), and you receive a boost of adrenaline,which increases energy.this fight or flight response occures in the alarm reaction stage.

2. Na+/ Ca2 + exchange enhancement.

During ischemia and reperfusion, increased intracellular Na+ leads to a decrease in Ca2+ efflux and enhanced Ca2 + influx via the NCX, potentially leading to Ca2+ overload, which is one of the major pathophysiological mechanisms for ischemia reperfusion injury.