Epidemiology is the study of how often disease occur in different groups of people and why and information from the study is used to plan and evaluate strategies of how to prevent them and management of the patients who are already having the disease.
The epidemiology measures the disease outcomes in the relation to the population at risk. Population at risk is group of people, healthy or sick who would be counted as cases if they had the disease being studied. For example if a practitioner were measuring how often patients consult him about blindness, the population at risk would have those people on his list who might see him about vision problem if they had one.
Epidemiological study may also guide decisions about individuals but they relate primarily to the group of people. This fundamental difference in purpose of measurement implies different demands on the quality of data
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