Ans) Individuals have not explored their own
ethnicity and may be disinterested in doing so.
- Some minority students may initially accept
attitudes of the dominant culture.
- Attitudes toward exploring an ethnic identity
are influenced by several factors.
- For several individuals in this stage, ethnicity
is a nonissue which can lead to diffusion or
foreclosure.
- Some individuals may relay strong views
of ethnic identity and appear to be in stage 3.
Individuals may remain in Stage 1 until they
encounter a situation that causes them to
explore.
- The situation may be harsh (overt racism) or
gradual (less traumatic).
- This is a time of experimentation where
individuals talk with friends and family, read
literature, take courses, learn cultural
customs, and attend cultural events.
- May be an emotionally intense stage (anger,
guilt, or embarrassment).
- Individuals can remain in this stage for a very
long period of time.
- Individuals resolve their ethnic
identity conflicts, accept
membership in minority culture,
and are open to other cultures.
- The best outcome would be for an
individual to have a secure ethnic
identity and a positive orientation
toward the mainstream culture.
- Individuals are confident and calm
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