Question

A. Select the difference(s) between the classical and alternative pathways of the complement system:

1.production of chemotactic factors

2.the effectiveness in killing Gram-negative bacteria

3.the range of microbe types that can be targeted

4.The formations of MACs

5. triggering inflammation

B. How might Hantaviruses transmission occur?

1.vector transmission

2.indirect contact

3.foodborne

4.vertical transmission

5.droplet

6.fomite

7.direct contact

8.airborne

C.Select true statements regarding toll-like receptors:

1.TLR 1 is located on the cytoplasmic membrane of phagocytic cells

2.TLRs recognize NOD proteins to activate inflammatory mediators

3.TLR4 activation is induced by interaction with the PAMP peptidogylcan

4.TLR4 activation can lead to release of beta interferon

D.For the following caustive agent/disease pairs, which of the following can be or has been proven true using Koch's postulates (select all that apply)?

?1.Bacillus anthracis causes anthrax

2.hepatitis B causes liver cancer

3.HIV causes AIDS

4.Mycobacterium leprae causes leprosy

5.Haemophilus influenzae causes the flu

Answer 1

A) The differences are alternative pathway trigger inflammation naturally while classical pathway does not.

B)Hantavirus is usually transmitted via air when the contamination occurs in the air from stirring infected urine, saliva or droplets.Also by direct contact with infected feces and urine.

C)TLR1 is located in the cytoplasmic or plasma membrane attacking foreign bodies.

D) According to Koch's postulates (tuberculosis, leprosy,anthrax)the following are true from his experiment like Bacillus anthracis causes anthrax, Mycobacterium leprea causes leprosy