Question

Discuss the different mechanics of the transmission of the disease.

Answer 1

DISEASE TRANSMISSION: it's a passing of communicable diseas from an infected host individual or group to a conspecific individual or group , regardless of whether the other individual was previously infected.

THERE ARE TWO DIFFERENT TYPES OF TRANSMISSION

A) DIRECT TRANSMISSION :  

1) direct Contact : when there is direct contact with infected person by skin to skin , by touching , kissing or sexual intercourse.

2) droplets : particles size 10nmm or > filtered by nose

5nmm or <. Can reach the alveoli.

Spread distance : limited to. 30-60cm between. Source and host.

Eg. TB. Influence , meningiococal meningitis.

3) SOIL CONTACT : when a person have contact with contaminated soil , soil may have eggs , larva , or parasites from fecal matter of infected Person or any animal .

Eg. Hookwarm Larvae , fetanus ,mycosis.

4) INOCULATION INTO SKIN OR DIRECT MUCOSA :. Like dog biting. ( Rabies viruse transmission from dog. Saliva)

Or direct transmission of agent into the host by needle .

5) TRANSPLACENTAL TRANSMISSION : if mother have Infection there is high possiblity to transmit to fetus . eg. TORCH agents , varicella virus, syphilis hepatitis -B, Coxsackie -B and AIDS.

INDIRECT TRANSMISSION :

A) VEHICLE BORN

Transmission through the water. ,ice blood ,plasma or other. Biological .Products such as tissue and organs.

1) WATER: in this contaminated water can contain , amoeba parasites etc. Which can spread Disease.

Eg. acute Diarrhea , typhoid fever , .Cholera ,. Polio , hepatitis A,. Food poisoning , intenstinal parasites.

2 ) BLOOD : eg. Hepatitis B ,. Malaria , syphilis , brucellosis , trypanosoma , Infectious mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus Infection.

3) ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION :. cytomegalovirus (kidney transplant) .

B) VECTOR BORN : arthropods or any living carrier that transport .A living susceptible individual.

- it may be mechanical Or biological.

Disease agent passes through a development cycle or multiplication in the vector.

These can spread disease by biting , regurgitation , scratching -in of infective faeces, contamination of host by body fluid of vectors .

Eg. Diptheria- flies, mosquitoes

Siphonaptera- fleas

Orthoptera- cockroaches

Anoplura- sucking lice

Mice - plaque

Also rodents ,bats.

- by transmission chain : man -arthropod -man , AMan -snail -man

Mammal - arthropod- man, bird arthropod- man.

C) AIRBORN:

1) DROPLETS NUCLEI: formed by a) evaporation of droplet coughed ot sneezed into the air.

b) generation purposefully by a variety of atomising Devices.

- Particle size :1-10 micron range

Eg. TB, chicken pox , measles , Q fever .

2) Dust : streptococcal and staphylococcus Infection , pneumoniae ,TB , psittacosis , nosocomial Infections.

D) FORMITE BORNE

Inmate article or substance other than. Water or food. Contaminated by Infectious. Discharge from a patient and capable of harbouring and transferring the infectious Agent to a healthy person.

Soiled cloths , towels linen, spoon , pencil etc.

Eg. Dipthera , typhoid fever, bacillary. Dysentery , hepatitis A, eye and skin infections.

E) UNCLEAN HAND AND FINGERS :

transmission .: Directly or indirectly

disease : staphylococcal and streptococcal infections , typhoid fever , dysentery , hepatitis A, intenstinal parasites.

Ex . 1984Dysentery epidemic in india.

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