Question

A 60-year-old male presents to the ED with a complaint of dyspnea with exertion that has progressively gotten worse over the last 2 months. He also complains of progressive fatigue. HE is in relatively good health, but has a history of GERD and HTN. He has not had any surgeries in the past and his father was diagnosed with colon cancer at the age of 65. He has been training for a marathon for the last 4 months and has been taking ibuprofen 800mg TID for most of the time. HE denies any melena, black stools or paresthesias. He is pale upon assessment but otherwise his assessment is unremarkable. Labs: Sodium- 135 mEq/L Potassium- 4.5 mEq/L Creatininde- mg/dL BUN- mg/dL ,WBC- 7,000 Hematocrit- 21% Hemoglobin- 7.0 g/dL MCV- 70fL Platelets- 200,000 Serum iron 55 mcg.dL Total iron binding capacity 520 mcg/dL Ferritin 10 ng/ml

1. What are the effects of tissue hypoxia on the cardiovascular system, pulmonary system and CNS?

Answer 1

EFFECTS OF TISSUE HYPOXIA ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM:

• THERE OCCURS INCREASED RISK OF HYPOXIA-INDUCED NEUROLOGICAL DEFICIT.
• IT LEADS TO SEVERAL DISEASES LIKE STROKE, ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, ENCEPHALOPATHY.

EFFECTS OF TISSUE HYPOXIA ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM:

• RESULTS IN INCREASED HEART RATE .AND CARDIAC OUTPUT BY BETA ADRENERGAIC STIMULATION AND RESULT IN HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE.
• LEADS TO ATHEROSCLEROSIS, VASCULAR REMODELLING,AND HEART FAILURE.

EFFECTS OF TISSUE HYPOXIA ON THE PULMONARY SYSTEM:

• THERE OCCURS CONSTRICTION OF THE PULMONARY ARTERIES WHICH RESULTS IN HYPOXIC-PULMONARY VASOCONSTRICTION.
• LEADS TO CHRONIC PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION.