Question

Urinary System Case Study

Ms. T, age 28 years, has noticed urgency, frequency, and dysuria recently, as well as an unusual odor to the urine. Urinalysis indicated a heavy concentration of Escherichia coli in the urine, some pus, and WBCs.

Ms. T was prescribed antibiotics, which she took for the first few days. This seemed to give her relief, but she then stopped taking the medication. Within a few days, the symptoms returned, but she decided to “just live with it.”

Case Study Questions

1. Examine the pathophysiology identified in this scenario.
2. Support why women are predisposed to cystitis.
3. Appraise preventive measures in reducing the risk of cystitis and possible recurrence.
4. Relate additional manifestations that may indicate complication of cystitis.
5. Examine the treatments available including short term and long term treatment.

Answer 1

#. Pathophysiology :-

The most common bacterial causes of UTI are the same bacteria that colonize the gut and they enter the urinary tract following colonization of the peri-urethral area. Once within the bladder, bacteria may then multiply and ascend the ureters to cause upper UTI.

#. Cystitis is much more common in women than men, probably because the (back passage) is closer to the urethra in women and the urethra is much shorter.

#. The steps to reduce your risk of urinary tract infections:

Drink plenty of liquids, especially water.

Drink cranberry juice.

Wipe from front to back ( females.)

Empty your bladder soon after intercourse.

Avoid potentially irritating feminine products.

Change your birth control method.

#. Clinical manifestations that indicates complications of cystitis :-

- back or side pain

- hematuria

- nausea

- vomiting

- fever and chills