Question

Please use the following to answer the question. Your 75-year-old female patient presents with long-standing hypertension and angina due to coronary heart disease presents with ankle edema, nocturia, increased shortness of breath with activity, and a chronic nonproductive cough. Her blood pressure is 170/80 mm Hg and her rate 92 beats per minute. Electrocardiographic and chest x-ray reports indicate the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy.

1. Which of the following occurred due to your patient’s condition?
   1. Hyperventilation
   2. Hypoventilation
   3. Alkaline pH
   4. Increase in bone density
   5. Increased release of renin

Answer 1

In hyperventilation the CO2 level is too low which can affect the central nervous system (brain ) and not the circulatory system (heart).As the problem is left ventricular hypertrophy in the heart it cannot be because of hyperventilation

In case of hypoventilation ,the level of CO2 is high making the patient short of breath ,difficulty in sleeping in night time, swelling in the ankle can be noted. This can increase the blood pressure and affect the circulatory system affecting the ventricles resulting in hypertrophy.

Alkaline pH is the normal acid base balance in the body

Increase in bone density does not affect the cardiovascular system greatly

Increased level of renin can increase the blood pressure

Ans:Hypoventilation