Question

Briefly describe potential manifestations of cellular injury (normal and abnormal cellular substances).

Answer 1

Cell injury is potentially due to hypoxia (reduced oxygen supply) and followed by ischemia involving apoptotic mediated inflammatory cell death. This type of injury mediated by influx of calcium into the glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendroglia, microglia) through glutamate receptors (NMDA) mediated excitotoxicity. The normal adaptations often produced by the brain cells to avoid cell death is to reuptake glutamate presynaptically into the neurons thereby homeostatic environment maintained finally metaplasia, cell hypertrophy can be prevented.

Prostaglandins and arachidonic acid metabolite mediated cell death often avoided during inflammation by eliminating these mediators by blood and through urine. Cells often produce adaptations by synthesizing protein factors to neutralize these potential inflammatory mediators.