Question

1. For which types of patients with diabetes should a less stringent approach for HbA1c reduction be appropriate?
   1. Those with prior cardiovascular disease
   2. Newly diagnosed without other comorbidities
   3. Those with shorter duration of diabetes
   4. Those without evidence of nepropathy, retinopathy, and/or neuropathy
2. Which of the following factors can raise HDL-cholesterol?
   1. Aerobic physical activity
   2. Weight loss
   3. Smoking cessation
   4. b and c only
   5. All of the above
3. Which of the following is true regarding the Diabetes Prevention Program ?
   1. It compared the effects of metformin, insulin, and hypertension control for prevention of diabetes
   2. It showed metformin to have a similar effect as lifestyle intervention on prevention of diabetes
   3. It showed metformin to have a greater effect than lifestyle therapy on prevention of diabetes
   4. None of the above are true

Answer 1

1. Reduction of HbA1c is associated with the managemant of the glycemic index in the diabetic patients. And the patient is having any evidence of the associated neuropathy, retinopathy then its very essential to strictly wor on the reduction of this HbA1c level.

On the other hand as in this case if there is no any evidence of retinopathy of neuropathy then requirement of less stringent approach for HbA1c reduction. Hence option D is correct.

2.  Reserch suggest that by incresing aerobic physical activity, reducing or managing the body weight and by smoking cessation we can significantly raise HDL-cholesterol. Hence option E is correct.

3. Diabetes prevention programmes focus on the study of integrative effects of metformin, level of insulin, and state of hypertension and its control for prevention of diabetes. Hence option A is correct.