a chart/table discussing the four heart sounds and pathophysiology behind each sound, also listing the types of diseases that could/are occurring when each abnormal heart sound is present.
First heart sound -S1 lubb -Due to closure of mitral and tricuspid valve
loud s1 - fever , anemia ,thyrotoxicosis
soft S1 - obese ,emphysema , pericardial effusion ,bradycardia
second heart sound -S2 Dubb - due to closure of aortic and pulmonary valve
wide and mobile splitting - pulmonary stenosis, right bundle branch block
wide and fixed splitting - Atrial septal defect
Reverse or paradoxiCal splitting - left ventricular hyper trophy
S3 - due to volume overload to ventricle
mitral regurgitation
aortic regurgitation
S4- due to pressure overload to ventricle
HOCM hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
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