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A patient develops severe diarrhea. She has the following arterial blood values: pH 7.21 (normal 7.24-7.45),...

A patient develops severe diarrhea. She has the following arterial blood values: pH 7.21 (normal 7.24-7.45), pCO2 23 mmHg (normal 35-45), and [HCO3-] 11 mEq/L (normal 22-28). Why is she experiencing metabolic acidosis?

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Diarrhea is an increased frequency of bowel movements more than 3 times per day with altered consistency(i.e, increased liquidity)of stool. It can be associated with urgency, perianal discomfort, incontinence, or a combination of these factors. There are three types, acute diarrhea, persistent diarrhea, chronic diarrhea.
Here the clent having metabolic acidosis, the arterial blood values shows [pH7.21, pCO2 23 mmHg,HCO3- 11mEq/L] respectively. Metabolic acidosis occurs when an acid other than carbonic acid accumulates in the body or when bicarbonate is lost from body fluids. In severe diarrhea results in severe loss of bicarbonate, that leads to metabolic acidosis. In present case HCO3 is 11mEq/L which shows the severe loss of bicarbonate because of severe diarrhea.

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