Question

Pulmonary Concept/Patho Map

Mr. S is a retired 69 year-old country attorney who was on a buying trip with his wife for old, classic cars in the mountains of Colorado when he became extremely short of breath. He went to an emergency room for evaluation. Upon evaluation, his chest had an increased anterioposterior dimension, he was restless and dyspneic. His blood gases were as follows: pH 7.30 02 88; CO2 50. Pulmonary functions test revealed decreased tidal volume and vital capacity, increased total lung capacity and prolonged forced expiratory volume. His chest x-ray revealed a flat, low diaphragm with lung hyperinflation. The physician diagnosed him with Emphysema and started him on oxygen.

Past history includes: smoking 1.5 packs/day for 30 years, hypertension, congestive heart failure and dyspnea with exertion. He takes Microzide (Hydrochlorothiazide) for hypertension daily. He reports an increasing frequency of dyspnea while watching TV.   

Note:

DRAW a concept/patho map be sure to be detailed in relation to the pathophysiological changes and the interrelationship between the systems involved in maintaining the patient’s respiratory and hemodynamic status. Within your concept/patho map INCLUDE the respiratory system, renal system, cardiac system and their systems connectivity.

Answer 1