Question

PROBLEM #2 INTRODUCTION: The contractile performance of heart muscle is determined by its inotropic state, preload and afterload. These factors also determine the stroke output of the heart. The inotropic state is influenced by a variety of factors, including the extracellular Ca²⁺ concentration.

PROBLEM #2: Predict the consequences (increase, decrease, no change) of the acute onset of hypocalcemia on the following:

            CARDIAC MUSCLE                                   

            1. velocity of shortening

            2. inotropic state (contractility)

            3. peak force developed

            HEART

            4. stroke volume

            5. end systolic volume

            6. end diastolic volume

Answer 1