Question

1. A respiratory quotient of 0.71 suggests this substrate is mainly being oxidized:

   		Carbohydrates
   		Protein
   		Fat
   		Ethanol
   		All of the above

2. The following lifestyle behaviors are thought to contribute to visceral adiposity:

   		Poor nutrition (e.g. high caloric intake)
   		Sedentary lifestyle (i.e. lack of physical activity)
   		Smoking
   		All of the above
   		a and b onl

Answer 1

The ratio between the volume of carbon dioxide produced and the oxygen absorbed is nothing but respiratory quotient (RQ). It is used to find out the basal metabolic rate. The normal range of respiratory quotient is 1.0 - 0.7 .

RQ= CO2 produced/O2 consumed

The normal values of RQ based on their chemical equations is:

For carbohydrates, oxidation of glucose it is 1.0

For fat, utilisation of substrate palmitic acid it is 0.696 and other substrates also it ranges from 0.7-0.71

For protein, oxidation of albumin it is 0.8 and others its usually 0.8-0.9

For ethanol, the RQ is greater than 1

So from the question, as the RQ is 0.71 it depicts metabolism of fat. So the answer is option C.

There are several types of fat and Visceral fat is that type of fat which is stored in the abdominal cavity. The fat wraps around the organs mainly in the abdomen and also imposes risk to other vital organs like liver etc. Adiposity is nothing but obesity or overweight. Visceral adiposity is an active fat which has high risk factors.  

A. Poor nutrition- inadequate or imbalanced consumption of carbohydrates and protein results in visceral fat accumulation i.e, Poor nutrition. One may look flat and weak but might have visceral fat.

B. Physical activity- minimum 30 mins of physical activity helps in burning of the abdominal fat or else it might lead to build up and lead to obesity.

C. Smoking- studies have shown that heavy use of tobacco pushes the fat into the abdominal cavity causing visceral fat. Among all the smokers there is visceral fat present.

So the answer is all of the above. Option - D