Question

• How would the following conditions, or patient populations, affect drug dosing:
• • Renal dyfunction
  • Hepatic dysfunction
  • Obesity
  • Pediatrics
  • Geriatrics

Answer 1

RENAL DYSFUNCTION; The Drug dose is based on the body system functioning especially kidney and liver functions , Renal dysfunction may affect the drug elimination so the dosage should be managed. That is , drug dosing faces various challenges include residual drug clearence, and fluid accumulation. Renak dysfunction affects the drug excretion and it may accumulate in body so maintain drug dose in patient with kidney disease, and must decrease drug dose.

HEPATIC DYSFUNCTION; Patient with hepatic dysfunction can affect the drug dosing , increasing drug dose may affect the liver functions , Liver is the site of drug detoxification and metabolism so increased drug dose in liver dysfunction can result in accumulation of toxic levels in body.

OBESITY; Body size is the important factor when calculating drug dose, drug achieves a higher concentration in smaller people given the same dosage, drug dose calculate with the body weight if patient have more weight the drug dose may increase, if patient have less weight the dosing is decreased.

PEDIATRICS; In pediatrics the liver metabolizing enzymes are increased, metabolism usually faster than adults.so when taking drug to child is with small doses , small doses can result more effect.

GERIATRICS; Elderly patients are more sensitive to drugs and exhibit more variability in response, in older adults have decreased hepatic functions will affect metabolism, and in excretion elderly have decreased renal function so managing drug dose is important in geriatrics.