Question

1) What isantibioticresistance, and what are driversof antibiotic resistance?

2) Who are people at particular risk in a setting with antibiotic resistance, and why?

3) What measures can be taken to tackle the problem of antibiotic resistance?

Answer 1

Que 1.1) Antibiotic resistance: in this the microrganism that are not inhibited by the usually achievable systemic concentration of an antimicrobial agent with normal dosage schedule and /or a falls in minimum inhibitory concentration range.

Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in response to the use of antibiotics medicine.

Bacteria ,not human or animals become antibiotics resistance .These bacteria can infect the human and animals ,the Infection they cause are harder to treat than they caused by. Non resistant bacteria.

B) . Drivers of antibiotic resistance are

-Misuse or over use of antimicrobial medication.

-lack of access to clean water, sanitation , and hygiene for both human and animals.

-poor Infection and disease prevention and control in health care facilities and farms.

-poor access to quality , affordable medicine.

- vaccine and diagnostic

- Lack of awareness and knowledge.

-Lack of enforcement of legislation.

Que 2 . Antibiotic resistanc mostly occur in patient who over uses or misuse the drug . If a patient over use the drug or he doesn't Complete his course of Medication . In this situation bacteria start changing its response to the Antibiotic , now the has bacteria has become resistant to for Medication Which was given to him . It makes the treatment more harder for the patient . If the same bacteria spreads to the other Persons ,so treatment would be a major problem for the patient.

Que3. Steps can be taken at all the levels of society to reduce the impact and limit the spread of resistance.

1. INDIVIDUAL :

- only use antibiotics when prescribed by certified health professional .

- never demand antibiotics if your health work say you don't need them.

- always follow advice of health workers when using antibiotics.

-never share or use left over antibiotics.

- prevent Infection by regularly washing hands, preparing .food hygiencally , avoid contact with sick people, practicing safer sex, keeping vaccination up to date.

- prepare food hygiencally with 5keys to safer food( keep clean , Separate raw and cooked , cook thoroughly , keep food at safe temperature , use safe water and raw materials) .

2) POLICY​POLICY MAKERS:  

- ensure robust national action plan to tackle antibiotic resistance is in place.

-Improve surveillance of antibiotic resistant Infection.

- strengthen programms , policies, implementation of Infection prevention and control measures

- Regulate and promote the appropriate use disposal of quality medicine.

3) HEALTH PROFESSIONALS

- we can prevent Infection by cleaning instruments , hand , environments .

- Only prescribe and dispense antibiotics only when they are needed.

-report antibiotic resistant Infection to surveillance team.

-give education to patient how to take antibiotic correctly, antibiotic resistance and the danger of misuse.

4) HEALTH CARE INDUSTRY

- investment in research and development of new antibiotics, vaccines, diagnostic and other tools

5)AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

-only give antibiotic to animals in observations of the veterinary supervision.

- vaccinate the animals to reduce the antibiotics use in animals

-improve biosecurity on farms and prevent Infection through improved hygiene and animal welfare.

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