Question

Regarding the corona SARS-COV-2 vacancies available recently in the world, Please:

1- Mention two main types of them and explain the immune response stimulation mechanism of each one.

2- In your scientific opinion, explain which one will be the most successful vaccine ?

Answer 1

1). There are several vaccines are beaing developed against SARS-COV-2 across the world. Researchers are trialling different technologies.

First we should know about how corona virus infecting our body.

Mainly this virus uses its surface spike protein to lock onto ACE2 receptor on the surface of human cells. Once i side, these cells translate the virus's RNA to produce more viruses.

Mainly two types they are

i).Viral vector Vaccines.

ii). Protein-based vaccines.

i).Viral vector vaccines consists of replicating viral vector (Weakened measles) and Non replicating vector(Adeno virus).

Russia announced the adeno virus based vaccine.

The adenovirus vector can be grown up in cells and used for various vaccines, the virl vectors hack into the same molecular system as SARS-COV-2 and faithfully produce spike protein in its three dimension. This resembles a natural infection,which provokes a innate immunity response,triggering inflammation and mustering B and T cells.

ii). Protein based vaccines.

Viral protein subunits are focussing on the virsu's spike protein or a key part of it called the receptor binding domain. Similar vaccines against the SARS virus protected monkeys against infection.

This vaccines generate immunity by mimicking a milder form of an infection and helping the immune system to remember the pathogen. So they contain some part of an infectious agent that is capable of generating immune response.

2). In my opinion, Protein based vaccines may be more successful, because viral vector based vaccines requiring much low - temperature storage like minus 20 and 70°c than the protein based vaccine.

Protein based vaccine needs stable refrigerator for 30 days and 12 hours at room temperature.

Immunogenicity is the ability of a vaccine to provoke an immune response in the body.