Question

I only need the right answers with no explaination, for the questions of paragraphs 1 and 2

Question 1

Several weeks after a severe bout of Strep throat, Mike started to feel tired, and had a dull aching pain in his lower back. He noticed although he got more than eight hours of sleep every night that under his eyes were puffing and his legs and abdomen also seemed swollen. He finally went to the doctor when he noticed that his urine volume had drastically decreased and the appearance was dark and cloudy.

1- Which pathophysiologic process applies to acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis?

Group of answer choices

A) streptococcal infection moving to the glomeruli and tubules

B) ischemic damage occurs in the tubules, causing obstruction and decreased GFR

C) immune complexes deposit in glomerular tissue, causing inflammation

D) increased glomerular permeability for unknown reasons

2- Mike's dark and cloudy urine is due to:

Group of answer choices

A) filtering fecal matter

B) pyuria from inflammatory exudate

C) bacteria from the inflammation

D) increased glomerular permeability allowing gross hematuria and proteinuria

3- The edema in Mike's facial area, abdomen, and legs is due to:

Group of answer choices

A) the loss of plasma proteins leading to increased capillary osmotic pressure

B) the loss of plasma proteins leading to decreased capillary osmotic pressure

C) the immune complexes lodging themselves in tissue, pulling plasma into the tissue

D) excess alcohol consumption resulting in severe liver damage

4- Mike could potentially develop metabolic acidosis due to the excess _______ loss.

Group of answer choices

A) CO2

B) HCO3-

C) H2CO3

D) H+

5- The flank pain Mike is experiencing is due to:

Group of answer choices

A) stretching of the renal capsule caused by kidney swelling

B) a bacterial infection in the kidney

C) urine leaking into the retro-peritoneal membranes

D) fluid accumulating in the abdominal cavity

6- Which of the following might be the best treatment for glomerulonephritis?

Group of answer choices

A) excessive fluid and sodium intake to flush everything out

B) sodium and protein restriction to decrease the workload on the kidneys

C) clotbusters to remove the immune complexes

D) none of the above are viable options

7- Which of the following changes in the blood would expect to be seen during acute post-streptococcal glomurelonephritis?

Group of answer choices

A) decreased complement

B) increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

C) decreased bicarbonate

D) all of the above

Question 2

Tony, a game show host of “The Price is Right”, was in the midst of taping an episode when his speech began to slur, his words became nothing but mumbling, and he couldn’t speak a clear sentence. He was visibly shaken by this and so was everyone else. The cameras stop taping and Tony was rushed to the ER where he seemed to be his old self again. The diagnosis was a TIA.

1- Which of the following is a correct statement about transient ischemic attacks?

Group of answer choices

A)they usually indicate systemic hypertension

B) rupture of an aneurysm or damaged artery may cause a TIA

C) they usually cause necrosis and permanent brain damage

D) they may serve as warning signs of a pending stroke

2- The most life threatening type of cerebrovascular accident is:

Group of answer choices

A) CVA due to thrombus

B) embolic CVA

C) no difference among types

D) hemorrhagic CVA

3- Which type of stroke has minimal ICP effects?

Group of answer choices

A) thrombus

B) embolus

C) hemorrhagic

D) both a and b

4- Tony was a wrestler in high school and college and had several head injuries while doing this sport. Which type of head injury causes a reversible interference with brain function?

Group of answer choices

A- concussion

B - contusion

C- contrecoup

D- compound fracture

I NEED THE ANSWERS RIGHT NOW PLEASSSE

Answer 1

1)correct answer is option C, that is immune complex deposited in the glomerular tissue causing inflammation, in poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis the antigen antibody complexes are deposited in the glomeeuli and cause inflammation. The organism responsible for that is group A beta hemolytic streptococci ..

2)correct answer is option D, increased permeability of glomerular filtration membrane cause heamaturia and protein urea. Normally large molecule such as protein and RBCs are not pass through the glomerular filtration membrane but in glomerular nephritis the permeability of glomerlar membranes is increased and it will allow passage of these proteins and RBS through that. This will takes place in the upper urinary system so it will turn the color of urine into dark and cloudy.

3)correct answer is option B, that is loss of protein will lead to reduction in osmotic pressure and cause edema formation in the body. It is not due to the high osmotic pressure .when decrease in the osmotic pressure leads to shift of water from circulation to tissue it cause edema.

4)correct answer is option B, that is bicarbonate (HCO3-),the bicarbonate and H+ions are the two buffer which controlling the acid base balance .In this condition tubular reabsorption of bicarbonate will fail and leads to excretion of bicarbonate through urine and cause increase in level of H+ ions leads to metabolic acidosis .

5)correct answer is option A, due to inflammation of the glomerulus, the kidney become edematous this will stretch the outer covering renal capsule, this stretch leads to flank pain in glomerular nephritis. Other options are not correct.

6)correct answer is option B, restrictions of sodium and protein intake will help to maintain blood pressure and controlling edema so best management is with low sodium and low protein diet.

7)correct answer is option D, all of the above, the glomerulonephritis cause increase in BUN and creatinine due to decreased excretion of nitrogenous waste, decreased bicarbonate due to reduced tubular reabsorption and decrease compliment level due to microbial infection.