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1- describe the four classifications of congenital heart defects and explain how each manifests in the...

1- describe the four classifications of congenital heart defects and explain how each manifests in the pediatric patient

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Answer #1

4 major types of congenital heart defects are as follows:-

A. Holes in the heart- Holes can form in the walls of heart chambers or between major blood vessels leaving the heart.

- It includes atrial and ventricular defects and patent ductus arteriosus.

B. Obstructed blood flow - Genetic narrowing of blood vessels and heart valves that causes the heart to work hard and causes cardiomegaly and hypertrophy of heart muscles.

C. Abnormal blood vessels - It includes transposition of great arteries and coarctation of the aorta.

D. Heart valve abnormalities - In it, valves can't open and close correctly and blood doesn't flow smoothly eg. Ebstein anomaly and pulmonary atresia

Manifestations of congenital heart disease are:-

- Cyanosis of skin, nails and lips

- Rapid breathing

- Shortness of breathing during child activities and feeding

- Poor feeding

- Poor gain of weight

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