Question

THE ONCOLOGY NURSE UNDERSTANDS THAT THE NEWLY HIV/AIDS PATIENT NEEDS FURTHER TEACHING WHEN THE PATIENT STATES WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING A. WEIGHT LOSS GREATER THAN 10% IN THE LAST 6 MONTHS PLACES HIV/AIDS PATIENT AT NUTRITIONAL RISK B. MY BODY MASS INDEX WILL NEED TO BE MONITORED FOR CHANGES IN REGULAR BASIS C. ONE WAY TO CHECK NUTRITIONAL RISK IS TO MEASURE MY WEIGHT ON A REGULAR BASIS SO I AM NOT AT NUTRITIONAL RISK C. MUSCLE DEPLETION IS EXPECTED EARLY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF HIV/AIDS, WHICH HAPPENS IN THE DIAGNOSED HIV CLIENTS 2. A BARIATRIC NURSE IS TEACHING A GROUP OF CLIENT ABOUT OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA (OSA). WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CHOICES SHOULD THE NURSE INCLUDE IN THE TEACHING OF OSA. SATA A. LOW LEVEL OF BLOOD GLUCOSE B, LOW LEVEL OF HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN C. LOW LEVEL OF C-REACTIVE PROTEIN D. ELEVATED LEVEL OF TOTAL CHOLESTEROL E. ELEVATED LEVEL OF LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN 3. A COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE IS TEACHING A GROUP OF NURSING HOME RESIDENTS ABOUT CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. A CARDIAC LESSION THAT PARTIALLY OCCLUDES CARDIAC BLOOD FLOW IS CALLED WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CHOICES. A. CARDIAC TEMPONADE B. MYOCARDIAL INTARCTION C. PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE D. ANGINA PECTORIS

Answer 1

SEVERE AND UNEXPLAINED WEIGHT LOSS IS A SERIOUS SYMPTOM OF ADVANCED HIV INFECTION.WASTING ALSO CALLED CACHEXIA -IS NOW RARE BECAUSE OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HIV TREATMENT. SEVERE WEIGHT LOSS IS DEFINED AS AN UNEXPLAINED LOSS OF MORE THAN 10 % OVER 12MONTHS ,IT IS USUALLY CAUSED BY DIFFICULTIES ABSORBING FOOD DUE TO GUT INFECTIONS

IN THIS PATIENT NEED FURTHER TEACHING -WEIGHT LOSS GREATER THAN 10% OVER 6 MONTH, NOT ONLY A NUTRITIONAL RISK .

WEIGHT LOSS IN PEOPLE WITH HIV HAS MANY POSSIBLE CAUSES .IF THE LOSE WEIGHT FAST ,IT MAY BE BEACUSE HAVE ANOTHER INFECTION ALONG WITH HIV .THIS TYPE OF INFECTION IS CALLED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION .

GRADUAL WEIGHT LOSS OVER 12 MONTHS MAY BE DUE TO THE PROBLEMS WITH NUTRITION.

REGULAR ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENT HELP TO UNDERSATND THE NUTRITIONAL RISK OF HIV PATIENTS - WEIGH THE PATIENT ON THE SAME DAY KEEP THE RECORD OF THE WEIGHT-

BMI FLUCTUALE REGULARLY -SO BMI MONITORED CHANGES IN THE REGULAR BASIS

ANSWER D NEED FURTHER TEACHING

HIV INFECTED PERSONS OFTEN EXPPERIENCE A LOSS OF LEAN TISSUE MASS ,WHICH INCLUDES DECREASES IN SKELETAL MUSCLE MASS.BUT MUSCLE DEPLETION IS NOT A EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF HIV.

EARLY HIV INFECTION IS DIAGNOSED WITH IN SIX MONTHS OF INFECTION .SPECIAL HIV TEST CALLED STARHS OR RITA -SO MUSCLE DEPLETION IS NOT A EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF HIV - HIV INFECTED PERSON MAY HAVE MUSCLE DEPLETION.

2...SLEEP APNEA HAS BEEN LINKED TO HEART DISEASE ,STROKE ,HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE ,HIGH CHOLESTROL AND IRREGULAR HEART BEAT.

A STRONG ASSOCIATION BETWEEN OSA ARE

HIGHER TOTAL CHOLESTOL

LOWER HIGH DENSITY LIPO-PROTEIN CHOLESTROL

HIGHER LOW DENSITY LIPO-PROTEIN

HYPERLIPIDEMIA IS A MAIN FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES .DISORDERS IN LIPID METABOLISM MAY RESULT IN EARLY OCCURANCE OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC ALTERATIONS .PRO ATHEROSCLROTIC EFFECT OF HIGH LOW DENSIY OF LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTROLCONCENTRATIONS ,THERE IS AN INVERSE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE HIGH DENSITY OF LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTROL LEVEL.

  

3.ANGINA PECTORIS -IF FATTY DEPOSITS ( PLAQUES) IN A BLOOD VESSELS RUPTURE OR A BLOOD CLOT FORMS ,IT CAN QUICKLY BLOCK OR REDUCE FLOW THROUGH A NARROWED ARTERY.THIS CAN SUDDENLY AND SEVERELY DECREASES BLOOD FLOW TO YOUR HEART MUSCLE.UNSTABLE ANGINA CAN ALSO BE CAUSED BY BLOOD CLOTS THAT BLOCK OR PARTIALLY BLOCK THE BLOOD VESSELS .

SO ANGINA PECTORIS PARTIALLY OCCLUDES THE BLOOD FLOW.- IT IS ACHEST PAIN DUE TO CAD.IT OCCURS WHEN THE HEART MUSCLE DOSENOT GET AS MUCH BLOOD AS IT NEEDS ,HEART ARTERIES IS NARROWED OR BLOCKED.

CARDIAC TAMPONADE-COMPRESSION OF HAERT CAUSED BY FLUID COLLECTING IN THE SAC SURROUNDING THE HAERT-AFFECT THE PRESSURE

MI- A HEART ATTACK IS A MEDICAL EMERGENCY .A HERAT ATTACK USUALLY OCCURS WHEN A BLOOD CLOT BLOCKS THE BLOOD FLOW TO THE HEART ,WITHOUT BLOOD ,TISSUES LOSES OXYGEN AND DIE

PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE

A CIRCULATORY CONDITION IN WHICH NARROWED BLOOD VESSELS REDUCE BLOOD FLOW TO THE LIMBS