Question

Diabetes is a significant problem in our society today and one of the most prevalent co-morbid conditions.  As a healthcare professional, it is important to know the difference between the types of diabetes.

Diabetes is a disease of improper metabolism of sugar, starch, and fat. However, there are two types of diabetes, which occur at very different points in life and have a different inheritance pattern. In addition, one type presents with a very thin person, and one type usually presents with an obese person. What are the differences between these two types of diabetes?  

Answer 1

DIABETES MELLITUS

It is a metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycemia, glycosuria, hyperlipidemia, negative nitrogen balance and sometimes ketonaemia. If the glucose level is uncontrolled for a long time, it will cause nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy.

Normal level of Fasting blood sugar(FBS) =70-100mg/dl

For diabetes patients= above 125mg/dl

Normal level of random blood sugar(RBS) = below 200

Normal level of Post Prandial Blood Sugar( PPBS)= below 140

Normal level of HbA1c= less than 6.5%

PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF DIABETES

• Enhanced non enzymatic glycozylation of tissue proteins due to persistent exposure to high glucose concentration and accumulation of large amount of sorbitol( reduced product of glucose) in tissues are the cause of pathological changes in diabetes

TYPES

There are 3 types of diabetes mellitus. they are

• Type 1 Diabetes mellitus
• Type 2 Diabets mellitus
• Gestational Diabetes

TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS: It most frequently occur in children and adolescents

TYPES 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: 90% of all diabetic cases are type 2. it is more common in adults and geriatric

GESTATIONAL DIABETES: It occurs in the time of pregnancy and will diasappear . They have more risk of developing type 2 diabetes in later life.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 DIABETES

TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS	TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Auto immune disease Immune system attacks the beta cells in the pancreas. By destroying these cells in the pancreas can no longer produce insulin.	Metabolic condition The pancreas no longer produces enough insulin or the body is resistant to it. The pancreas is still functioning just not as well as it could be.
Insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus( IDDM)/ Juvenile onset diabetes mellitus	Non-Insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus( NIDDM)/ maturity onset diabetes mellitus
Mainly occurs to people at age below 35.	Mainly occurs at the age above 45.
5-10% of all cases are type 1.	90-95% of all cases are type 2.
RISK FACTORS Family history genetics environmental factors viral infections other autoimmune conditions.	RISK FACTORS Family history genetics obese ethnicity hypertension abnormal cholestrol level. physical inactivity history of heart diseases gestasional diabetes
Treatment is insulin injections and constant glucose monitoring	Treatment include insulin injection,oral hypoglycemic drugs, lifestyle changes, diet , exercise, blood sugar checks.
It cannot be prevented.	It can be prevented.

Diabetes mellitus is most common in all people .mainly it is Type 2 DM . the gestational and Type 2 DM is less common . Hence proper diet and lifestyle modification can prevent it to a certain extend.