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what is the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury?

what is the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury?

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Answer #1

General pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury:

Direct tissue damage leads to ischaemia which allows accumulation of lactic acid that causes increased membrane permeability and further leads to edema formation

Specific pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury:

Cerebral vasospasm: Due to hypoperfusion, patients may develop vasospasm

Excitotoxicity: Due to release of excitatory neurotransmitters it will trigger metabolic process and increases activity of sodium, potassium and ATPase which leads to flow mechanism uncoupling

Edema: Due to the shift of the fluid from endothelium it leads to edema

Inflammation: Damage to the endothelium of blood vessels will activate the release of cellular mediators including pro inflammatory cytokines, prostaglandins and free radicals

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