Question

what is a panel that includes this analytes: ALP, AST, ALT

2. what is the panel that would include test like HDL, LDL, triglyceride

Answer 1

1.These tests are included in LFT ( LIVER FUNCTION TEST).

ALT(alanine aspartate transaminase),AST(alkaline phosphatase),ALP(Alkaline phosphatase),GGT (Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase).

These are liver enzymes.Elevated liver enzymes indicates inflammation or damage to cells in the liver.Inflamed or injuired liver cells leak higher than normal amounts of certain chemicals including liver enzymes in to the blood stream,which can result in elevated liver enzyme on blood tests,common causes of elevated liver enzymes include:

-over the counterpain medications particularly acetaminophen (Tylenol,others).

-Certain prescribtion medication , including statin drugsused to control cholesterol

-Drinking alcohol

-Heart failure

-Hepatitis A

-Hepatitis B

-Hepatitis C

-Non alcoholic fatty liver diseases

-Obesity

# ALP: normal- 50/100 U/l .Diseases which increased  _bone disease,rickets,pagets disease,hyperparathyrodism,carcinoma of bone,liver disaese,obstructive jaundice,infective hepatitis,cirrhosis of liver.

#AST:normal -10-50 U/l. Disease which increased_ Myocardial infarction,liver diseases,liver cancer,cirrhosis of liver.

#ALT: 10 -45U/l . Disease whic increased _ Acute hepatitis (viral/toxic),jaundice,cirrhosis of liver.

2. Alipid panel is blood test that measures lipids-fats and fatty substances used as a source of energy by your body.Lipids includes cholesterol,triglycerides,high density lipoprotein(HDL),and low density lipoprotein( LDL).This panel measures:Total cholesterol level.

* HDL is good cholesterol.HDL (high density lipoprotein) they are mostly synthesised in liver.3 different fractions of HDL (1,2,3) can be identified by ultracentrifugation. HDL particles transport cholesterol from peripheral tissues to liver.Higher levels of HDL cholesterol are associated with a lower risk of heart diseases.

* LDL is bad cholesterol.LDL (Low density lipoprotein) they are formed from very low density lipoprotein(VLDL) in the blood circulation.They transport cholesterol from liver to other tissues.Infiltration of LDL through arterial walls leads to the starting event of atherosclerosis which leads to coronary artery diseases,Myocardial infraction,CVA etc.

*Triglycerides are present in the cores of the lipoprotein .High triglycerides are often a sign of other condition that increase the risk of heart disease and stroke,including obesity and metabolic syndrome_a cluster of conditions that includes too much fat around the waist ,high blood pressure,high triglycerides,high blood sugar and abnormal cholesterol levels.

Total cholesterol 150-200 mg/dl

LDL ;<100 mg/dl

HDL ; 40-60 mg/dl

VLDL ;20 - 40 mg/dl

Triglycerides 75 -150 mg/dl