Question

1. Discuss drug therapy for urinary tract infections.  
2. If a symptomatic patient comes to the clinic and has a dip stick or culture (depending on your location) that suggests a UTI what is your treatment plan?
3. Consider costs and patient compliance: What is first-line, second-line?  
4. How do you treat a pregnant woman?  
5. What considerations do you make for the geriatric patient?  
6. What life style changes might need to occur? Please present data supportive of your responses.  

Answer 1

1. Drugs commonly recommended for UTI

Trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole ( bactrim,septra,others)

Thus used to treat urinary tract infection and any other bacterial infections susceptible to this ..

Fosfomycin ( monurol) : due to its specific properties,is particularly indicated for Short term ( one or two doses) prophylaxis and treatment of acute uncomplicated infections of the lower urinary tract.

Nitrofurantoin ( macrodantin,macrobid)

It is used to treat UTI ,including cystitis and kidney infections.when you take nitrofurantoin, your body quickly filters it out of your blood and in to your pee.this is useful if you have a urinary tract infection because it means the medicine is concentrated at the site of infection.

2. Urine dipstick nitrite is a good test that can be used to detect UTI in primary Care setting where urine microscopy and culture is not available.this can also be an inexpensive alternative for primary care physicians.

A clinical rule based on symptoms and signs is superior to clinician diagnosis and performs well for identifying young children for noninvasive urine sampling.dipstick result add further diagnostic value for empiric antibiotic treatment.

3. Adherence and compliance are pivotal in ensuring an improved health outcome for the patient especially if he is suffering from a chronic condition and needs prolonged medical attention.examples in this category include those with cardiovascular complications,diabetes,and different forms of cancer.

Second- line treatment is treatment for a disease or condition after the initial treatment (first line) treatment has failed ,stopped working or has side effect that aren't tolerated.it is important to understand lines of treatment and how they differ from first line treatment and can play a role in clinical trials.

First line of defense in risk management the various risk control and compliance over- sight functions established by management are the second line of defense.

4. Encourage and reassure her

* ask her what she needs from you

* show affection,hold hands give hugs

* help her make changes to her lifestyle

* try to eat healthy food,which can help her eat well

* encourage her to take breaks and naps

* some woman may want less sex

* take walk together

* give the psychological support

* change the life style make them to happy

* avoid the stress end all

5. Speak slowly,clearly AMD loudly

* listen

* use short ,simple words and sentence

* allow extra time for older Patients

* avoid distraction

*stick to one topic at a time

6. * Identifyi the bad or unhealthy habits in your life that you want to change

* hold yourself accountable for making those changes

* remove the negative triggers in your life

* believe that you can change

* know that it will take time and you might have setback

* Don't smoke

* be physically active every day

* eat a healthy diet rich in whole grains,lean protein, vegetables and fruits

* be sure to get enough vitamin D and calcium

* maintain a healthy weight and body shape

* challenge your mind