Question

CKD is accompanied by hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, impaired activation of vitamin D, hyperparathyroidism, and skeletal complications.

A.  Explain the impaired activation of vitamin D and its consequences on calcium and phosphate homeostasis, parathyroid function, and mineralization of the bone in people with CKD.

B.  Explain the possible complications of the administration of activated forms of vitamin D on parathyroid function and calcium and phosphate homeostasis (e.g., calcium × phosphate product).

Answer 1

Vitamin D is activated by two protein enzyme hydroxylation steps . The first is in the liver and the next is the kidney. Vitamin D aid absorption of calcium from small intestine, vitamin D also stimulates the absorption of phosphate. The parathyroid gland produce parathyroid hormone .this hormones helps in maintaining the correct balance of calcium. Mineral and bone disorder in CDK happens mostly when abnormal hormones level and damage kidney makes the calcium and phosphorus level in the blood to become out of balance. B) The complication is chronic hypocalcemia do occur as a result of defficiency in parathyroid hormone or vitamin D.