Question

BIOCHEMISTRY ASSIGNMENT

Please use your understanding to address the few concerns below

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BSc Midwifery

BSc Nursing

1.When starch and amylase are mixed in the presence of iodine solution, the blue-black colour rapidly disappears. This is due to the formation of which molecule? *

a) glucose

b) glycogen

c) sucrose

d) maltose

2.Which of the following enzyme groups can catalyse oxidation reactions? *

a) phosphorylases

b) isomerases

c) hydrolases

d) dehydrogenases

3.Enzymes differ from inorganic catalysts in that they are highly specific. Which property of an enzyme is responsible for this specificity? *

a) The insoluble nature of enzymes.

b) The high molecular mass of enzymes.

c) The surface configuration of enzymes.

d) The absence of metallic ions in an enzyme.

4.Which of the following enzyme catalyzes the first step of glycolysis? *

a) Hexokinase

b) Pyruvate kinase

c) Glucokinase

d) Phosphofructokinase-1

5.What is the general term used for the anaerobic degradation of glucose to obtain energy? *

a) Anabolism

b) Oxidation

c) Fermentation

d) Metabolism

6.Whenever the cell’s ATP supply is depleted, which of the following enzyme’s activity is increased? *

a) Hexokinase

b) Pyruvate kinase

c) Glucokinase

d) Phosphofructokinase-1

7.Cleavage of Fructose 1, 6-biophosphate yields ___________

a) Two aldoses

b) Two ketoses

c) An aldose and a ketose

d) Only a ketose

Clear selection

8.Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is rapidly and reversibly converted to ___________

a) Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

b) 1, 3-bis-phosphoglycerate

c) Fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate

d) Fructose 6-phosphate

9.Which of the following is not an important precursor of glucose in animals? *

a) Lactate

b) Pyruvate

c) Glycerol

d) Glucose 6-phosphate

10.Which of the following statements is false about gluconeogenesis? *

a) rom the hydrolysis of tri-acyl-glycerol, fatty acids can be used as a carbon source

b) From red blood cells, lactate can be used as a carbon source

c) From the hydrolysis of tri-acyl-glycerol, glycerol is converted to glucose in gluconeogenesis

d) From muscle vigorous muscle activity, lactate can be used as a carbon source

11.Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate? *

a) Pyruvate carboxylase

b) Pyruvate dehydrogenase

c) Pyruvate kinase

d) Phosphofructokinase-1

12.Oxaloacetate is reduced to malate by ____________ *

a) Pyruvate carboxylase

b) Malate dehydrogenase

c) Pyruvate kinase

d) Phosphofructokinase-1

13.Formation of one molecule of glucose from pyruvate requires ____________ *

a) 4 ATP, 2 GTP and 2 NADH

b) 3 ATP, 2 GTP and 2 NADH

c) 4 ATP, 1 GTP and 2 NADH

d) 2 ATP, 2 GTP and 2 NADH

14.What is lactose maldigestion? *

a) Inability to digest lactose in foods

b) Increased ability to digest lactose in foods

c) Genetically programmed loss of lactase

d) Both A and C

15.What are some of the symptoms of lactose intolerance? *

a) Headaches an nausea

b) Skin redness/flushing, hives

c) bloating, cramps, flatulence, abdominal discomfort

d) None of the above

16.What does dietary management of lactose maldigestion entail? *

a) Avoid all dairy products

b) At least 250mls milk spread across day with meals, hard cheese, yoghurt

c) Food challenges with dairy products, spread 3 days apart

d) None of the above

17.What are the implications of restricting dairy foods on health outcomes with real or perceived lactose intolerance? *

a) Low calcium intakes, poor bone health and missing out on health benefits

b) Weightloss for individuals with obesity

c) Both A and B

d) None of the above

18.Can tolerance to lactose be built up? *

a) No, it is genetically determined

b) Yes, as production of lactase enzyme slowly increases

c) Yes, due to colonic adaptation

d) both C and D

19.When energy depleted elements associated with a proton are accepted by an organicmolecule, the process is called *

a) Option Fermentation

b) Respiration

c) Anabolism

d) Catabolism

20.In the following terms which is not the definition of fermentation process *

a) Do not require an electron transport system

A) Use an organic compound as the final electron acceptor

b) Use an inorganic compound as the final electron acceptor

c) Alcohol is formed from sugar

21.Pasteur effect discovered in 1857, is *

a) Inhibiting effect of oxygen on the fermentation process

b) Aerating yeasted broth causes yeast cell growth to decrease, while conversely,

c) fermentation rate increases

d) A and B

e) All of these

22.Which of the following is not a product of fermentation? *

a) Lactate

b) Oxygen

c) Carbon dioxide

d) Ethanol

23.Production of ____________ occurs in the fermentation of grains *

a) Must

b) Brine

c) Lactic acid

d) Carbon dioxide

24.Fructose intolerance is to_____________? *

a) Fructose only

b) Fructose and glucose

B) Sucrose only

c) Fructose and sucrose

25.This is the most common test for fructose malabsorption: *

a) Colonoscopy

b) Hydrogen breath test

c) Angioplasty

d) Lugol's test

26.A monosaccharide found in honey and agave nectar is called: *

a) Glycogen

b) Fructose

c) Cellulose

d) Starch

27.A medical condition of fasting hypoglycemia with damages to the kidney due to excess accumulation of fructose 1-phosphate in the proximal convulated tubules is ____________? *

a) Type 1 fructosemia

b) Type 2 fructosemia

c) Type 1 fructosuria

d) Type 2 fructosuria

28.All the following are true abut type 3-fructosuria except *

a) increased fructose 1-phosphate

b) increased fructose 1,3-bisphosphate

c) increased fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

d) absence of fructokinase

29.Increased galactose level in blood circulation is called_____ *

a) Hypoglycemia

b) Hyperglycemia

c) Galactosemia

d) Galactosuria

30.Which of the following enzymes is not part of the metabolic pathway for the catabolism of galactose *

a) Galactomutase

b) Phosphoglucomutase

c) Galactose 1-phosphate uridylyltransferase

d) UDP-Galactose 4-epimerase

31.In galactosemia, the following organs are damaged except___________ *

a) The liver

b) The Kidneys

c) The spleen

d) The brain

32.Which enzyme converts galactose to an alcohol called polyol in the eyes *

a) Galactose mutase

b) Galactose reductase

c) NADPH reductase

d) Hexokinase

33.Accumulation of galactitol/dulcitol in the lens damages tissue through __________ *

a) sopacification

b) spacification

c) opacification

d) gapacification

Answer 1

1) Option ( d ) is correct. ( Maltose )

Explaination :-

Starch can combine with an iodine solution to produce a blue black coloured substance. Maltose cannot combine with iodine to produce this colour. Therefore, in the presence of iodine, the digestion of starch into maltose will be accompanied by the disappearance of the blue- black colour.

2) Option ( d) is correct. ( Dehydrogenases )

Explaination :-

Dehydrogenase is an enzyme belonging to the group of oxidoreductases that oxidizes a substrate by reducing an electron acceptor, usually NAD+/ NADP+ or a flavin coenzyme.

3) Option ( C) is correct. ( The surface configuration of enzyme )

4) Option ( a) is correct. ( Hexokinase)

Explaination :-

The first step in glycolysis is catalyzed by Hexokinase, an enzyme with broad specificity that catalyzes the phosphorylation of six carbon sugars.