Question

Kenneth and Karen have three children – two sons of which Larry is the oldest child and Luke is the youngest child. They have one daughter, Laura. Both sons have hemophilia and have lived into adulthood. All three children married and have children of their own. Larry has Melanie as his oldest child, followed by Mark and Melissa. Laura oldest child is Marcia. Her youngest children are Michelle and Mike, dizygotic twins. Luke has Mitch as his oldest son and Molly, his younger daughter. Their family ethnicity is Irish/English.

• Who are the obligate carriers?
• Who are the unaffected individuals (are neither affected nor potential carriers)?
• Why are there such a high rate of spontaneous mutations among the genes responsible for classic hemophilia?

Answer 1

1, Luke's younger daughter molly, larry daughters Malanie and melissa are obligate carriers. because their father has hemophilia.obligate carriers if you a daughter of a man with hemophilia.here larry and luke has hemophilia, so their daughters are obligate carriers. if laura had hemophilia her sons(twins) will have hemophilia. if a mother with one son with hemophilia their blood relatives affected with hemophilia. if either larry or luke had hemophilia their both children's (blood relatives)have hemophilia.
2, Melanie, Mellisa mother as a carrier if they have sons they will hemophilia sons. mark, mitch, Marcia, and twins are unaffected individuals.
3, In classic hemophilia we can not determine whether mutation occurred in the mother or father except X linked genes. the mutations rate higher than expected if the mutation rate is proportional to the number of cell divisions. classic hemophilia is a hemophilia A it is inherited affects males. Factor VIII deficiency or classic hemophilia that hemophilia A and Factor VIII in the blood people experience bleeding followed by injuries. 30% of hemophilia due to spontaneous mutations within the gene father does not have hemophilia. mother also not carry hemophilia but the child develops with hemophilia as a new mutation,they are responsible for classic hemohilia.