Question

Drug Cards for the following medications that describe the Drug class, Prototype Name, MOA, Major Adverse Effects, Drug Interactions and Contraindications, and Nursing Implications.

Levodopa-Carbidopa

Benztropine

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Interferon Beta

Mitoxantrone

Phenytoin

Phenobarbital

Cyclobenzaprine

Baclofen

Dantrolene

Answer 1

Medication	Drug class	Prototype Name of drug of this class	MOA	Adverse effects	Drug Interactions and contraindication	Nursing Implications
Levodopa-Carbidopa is combination of two drugs levodopa and carbidopa	Carbidopa is decarboxylase inhibitors	Dopamine	Carbidopa prevents the peripheral decarboxylation of the levodopa on the peripheral sides of brain enabling the higher passage of levodopa in CNS to prevent Parkinson disease	Weight loss and loss of appetite	Interacts with amantadine and benztropine. Contraindicated in the breastfeeding mother	Inform the patient about the darkening of the urine and saliva as the common factor
Benztropine	Anticholinergic drug	Atropine	Selective inhibitor of the acetylcholine and thus increase the availability of the dopamine in brain	blurred vision, dizziness and constipation	Interacts with ketoconazole and antacids, Contraindicated in closed-angle glaucoma	Advise patient to avoid driving
cholinesterase inhibitors	cholinesterase inhibitors	Neostigmine	Inhibit the hydrolysis of the acetylcholine by blocking the activity of the acetylcholinesterase	Stomach cramps and increased saliva production	With amantadine and pancuronium, contraindicated in peritonitis and the hyper sensitivity of the neostigmine	Advised to check pulse rate before administering in the patient with bradycardia
Interferon Beta	immunomodulators.	interferon	Balance the inflammatory action of the neuronal agents	Headache, change in sex drive	Interacts with warfarin, and contraindicated in hepatic impaired patients	Closely observe flue like symptoms
Mitoxantrone	anthracenedione antineoplastic agent	Doxorubicin	intercalates into DNA producing cytotoxic effect	Tiredness and stomach pain	Interacts with warfarin, and contraindicated in anemic patient	Closely observe the transient blue skin discoloration
Phenytoin	anticonvulsants	Phenytoin	Blocks voltage gated ion channels	trouble sleeping constipation and dizziness	Interacts with warfarin, and contraindicated in diabetic patient	Closely observe for cerebral an ocular effcts
Phenobarbital	barbiturates	Phenobarbital	Delay the openic of the chloride channel and thus GAB mimetic action	Loss of appetite, drowziness	Interacts with darunavi and contraindicated inpregnancy and liver failure case	Monitor hangover symptoms
cyclobenzaprine	Centrally acting muscle relaxant	cyclobenzaprine	Reduce tonic somatic motor activity	Constipation, fatigue, drowsiness	Interacts with donepezil and contraindicated in glucoma and trachycardia	Access its amount in the mother’s milk
Baclofen	skeletal muscle relaxants or centrally acting spasmolytics	baclofen	Inhibit the monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflexes	Constipation, tiredness	Interacts with loratidine and contraindicated in seizure and stroke	Access decreases gastric activity
Dantrolene	direct-acting antispasmodic	oxybutynin	interferes with release of calcium ions in skeletal muscle (reduces muscle tension)	Hepatic toxicity and drowsiness	Interacts with antihistaminines and contraindicated in seizure and stroke	access bowel movement in patient periodically