Question

4. Pediatrics:  

a) Describe how the absorption process is affected in the administration of oral medications.

b. How does irregular peristalsis affect the process of drug absorption?

c. Describe how topical administration affects drug absorption.

d. Mention the factors that affect the distribution of drugs. and. List eight (8) nursing interventions when safely administering medications to the pediatric client. (Include estimate, intervention, education and evaluation).

5. Geriatrics:

a). Name eight (8) physiological changes in the older adult.

b. Describe how drug absorption is affected in geriatrics.

c. Explain how the distribution of medications is affected in the elderly.

d. Describe how pharmacodynamics is affected in the geriatric adult. and. List eight (8) nursing interventions when safely administering medications to the geriatric client. (Include estimate, intervention, education and evaluation).

Answer 1

4.a Oral administration of drug is usually absorbed very well in the gastrointestinal tract. There are several factors that affect the absorption of a particular drug after oral administration. Following factors are important :presence of food in the stomach, presence of milk affects iron absorption, fatty foods affects drug absorption .

b. Irregular peristalsis may leads to delayed absorption of drug. Since some drugs are well absorbed in intestine. Hence if the peristalsis is delayed it will lead to delayed absorption.

c. Topical administration is affected by the permeability of skin, mucous membrane, lipid solubility of drug, concentration of drug.

d. Drug distribution is affected by the concentration of drug, clearance of drug, initial dosage of drug. The nurse should always take care while giving drugs. The prescribed drug should be crosschecked and dose, route of administration, frequency of administration, test dose, any reaction after drug administration ,all these things should be kept in mind while giving drugs.